Smoking-pipe.



1. D. BURGER. SMOKING PIPE. APPLICATION FILED SEPLZI, 1916.

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Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

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JACOB D. BURGER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SMOKING-PIPE.

To all ywhom t may concern:

Be it knoivnthat l, JACOB'D. BURGER, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Chicago.7 Cook county, lllinois, have invented a certain neiv and useful improvement which the following,` is a specification.

My invention relates to smoking pipes of the kind in which the bowl and stump are made of one material, While the stem and mouth-piece are usually composed of some other substance. For example, a very coinmon form of pipe involves a bowl and stump made of brier Wood, While the stem and mouth-piece are of rubber vulcanite, amber, celluloid, or some similar material. lVood pipes, however, are liable to burn out, and in addition it is also found that a pipe of this kind Will very often become clogged or fouled in the base of the bowl, as is also the case with some other kinds of pipes.

Tlhe object of my invention is, therefore, to provide a novel construction and arrangement and combination of materials, such as pipe clay and wood, whereby the bowl of thepipe may be made of Wood, preferably cheap or soft ivood, Without danger of burningout, and with less liability of becoming clogged or fouled in the bottom thereof, thus no-t only rendering the pipe more safe and less perishable than hereto-A fore, because more sanitary and less liable to burn out than ivas the case with previous pipes Vof this general class, but also serving-to reduce the cost of manufacture thereof.

'llo the foregoing and other useful ends, my invention `consists in matters hereinafter set forth and claimed.

ln the accompanying drawings z-Figure l is a side elevation of a smoking pipeembodyinzgfthe principles of `my invention, showingthe bowl and portion of the stump in vertical section.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line 2-2 in Fig. l.

As thus illustrated, my invention coin-` prises `a. howl Ahaving a stump c, the lat` ter being formed to'connect. suitably `with the stem B .of the mouthpiece C, the vsaid stenifhavinga push o which slidesvinto ythe boreof `.the stump in the'usual and" Wellknovvnmanner. The said bowl and stump` are'of Wood, Whereas the stem and mouth-A piece are preferablymade of rubber vul-v Specication of Letters Patent.

Application filed `September 23, 1916.

in Smoking-Pipes, of

.Patented Feb. 5, Mill?. Serial No. 121,708.

canite, amber, or any of the other Wellknown materials for this purpose. The boivl has a lining` D of pipe clay baked hard before its insertion in the boivl and thereafter fastened in place by means of lireproof cement, by which is meant any Cement that will hold the inner `boivl D in place and which will not allovv the bowl to loosen when subjected to heat. It Will be seen that this liningis open at the bottonithat to say, it is not simply formed withx a small opening to connect with the bore of the stump, but is left open to expose the Wood of the bowl for a considerable area at the bottom thereof.

lilith the foregoing,` construction, it is found that the bowl and stump can be of much softer and more porous ivood than heretofore, because the lining D, which is lire-proof, prevents the interior of the bowl from burning` out. lt is also found that by leaving the said lining open at the bottom there is less liability than heretofore of the bowl becoming clogged or fouled atthe bottom thereof. For example, with pipes havingbowls and stumps made of brier Wood, it is a common objection that the bottom of the bowl becomes clogged or fouled, sometimes with a sticky or viscous accumulation, which renders the pipe unfit for use.` My invention, however, is designed to overcome this difficulty, at. `least to a considerable extent, in addition to making it possible to use cheaper and softer wood Without danger of burning,` out the bowl. For example,y with .my invention, the bowl and stump can be made of oak,mahogany, birch or maple, or even a good qualityof pine, the only requirement beingthat it be susceptible of a good external finish and not liable to crack.

The inner bowl D is preferably tapered downwardly, and a chamber Z is formed beloiv the lower end of this inner bowl, which chamber is connected by the `bore E through the stump of the pipe tothe bore of the push o and the stem B and the mouthpiece C, so that the smoke is drawn through the tobacco and passes through this chamber (ZV before it reaches the mouth." of the smoker. This, it is found," in'conjunction with. the-porous pipe-clay inner-bowl, tends'to lcool' the smoke before-it Vpassesinto the stemfof the pipe. The outer bovvlA'is tapereddoivnvvardly inside thereof, tov receive'the ltapered vinner bowl, and a layer of plaster of Paris and glue, forming the iire-proof cement F, is interposed .between the two bowls. This not only holds the inner bowl in place, but also serves to bind the liber of the outer bowl together, bowl is preferably made of wood which is soft as compared with the ordinary brier. In the use of birch or oak or other comparatively long and straight-grained wood for this purpose, the bowl is made so that the grain of the wood extends horizontally of the bowl, toward the stein of the pipe, whereby the cutting operations to form the bowl are crosswise of the long grain of the wood, especially the boring out of the interior of the bowl. By long grained wood is meant wood taken from the trunk of a tree in which the grain is lo-ng and comparatively straight as distinguished from the short and irregular grain of certain kinds of hard wood and as distinguished from brierwood which practically has no grain what ever. The cement E, therefore, serves to bind the liber of the wood together, so that the wood will not be liable to split, and the strong and substantial inner bowl D gives the entire bowl-construction the requisite solidity and strength, whereby even with soft wood the pipe in its entirety is substantially as strong and solid as the ordinary brier-wood pipe, and no more liable to crack or split as the result of the heat.

There are various forms of commercial pipe-clay which can be used for the inner bowl D, such as Scotch clay or magnesium clay, Florida clay, or other similar varieties of pipe-clay. Good results have been obtained by using what is known to the trade as English cutty-clay. Some of the different clays can be mixed togther, if desired, to produce the requisite porosity for the inner bowl. bowl is formed separately, from pipe-clay which is baked hard before it is inserted in the pipe, and the inner bowls thus manufactured are then cemented in the woodbowls of the pipes, so that the pipe-clay and wood become permanently united, so that the inner bowl will not fall out when heated.

The wood pipe-that is to say, the pipe made with a bowl and stump of wood, has become the standard and is more popular than any other form of pipe, and it is estimated that more wood pipes are sold and used than all other forms of pipe taken together. There are reasons for this, as the wood has certain advantages which are well recognized by both the manufacturers and the users of pipes. On the other hand, the ordinary clay pipe, which is usuallymade of white pipe-clay, also possesses some advantages, as the bowl is porous and absolutely at the same time, so that the moisture in the tobacco is absorbed and does it being borne in mind that the outer4 ln any event, however, the innerv not pass with the smoke to the mouth of the user. In other words, the clay pipe is usually dry and clean, whereas one difficulty with the ordinary brier pipe or pipe made from other wood, as heretofore constructed, has been that the nicotin, along with the moisture in the tobacco, was not absorbed by the pipe, but to the contrary passed with the smoke through the mouth-piece of the pipe. My invention, therefore, combines in one pipe the advantages of both the wood pipe and the clay pipe, and by the use of the pipeclay inner bowl, the outer bowl can be of much softer and less'expensive wood than is possible when the wood is directly exposed to the combustion of the tobacco in the bowl. Thus the cost of manufacture is reduced, and a better and more satisfactory pipe is produced.

As the baked pipe-clay does not Char or burn, it is easy to clean the pipe by scraping it out with a knife. Wood pipes, even when made of brier-wood, will char to a certain extent and require breaking-in, and in the first instance, and always to .some extent, the user will draw wood smoke into the mouth, along with the tobacco smoke. This is true, of course, of any pipe made of inflammable or combustible material, or material which will burn or char to any extent. The baked pipe-clay, however, is absolutely non-combustible, and does not give off any smoke or odor which will pass with the tobacco smoke to the mouth of the smoker. An ordinary clay pipe, however, becomes too hot to handle comfortably, but with the wood outer bowl this difliculty is obviated, as wood does not become so highly heated. Thus, as stated, the pipe combines the advantages of the clay pipe and the wood pipe, but without the diticulties or disadvantages of either one.

lt will also be seen thatordinary or comparatively soft wood, such as plain or straiglitgrained woods which may be employed in the construction of my invention, are much more porous and absorbent than brier wood, which latter, like other similar materials, is very hard and dense. It foli lows, therefore, that, in a pipe constructed in accordance with my invention, a soft wood can be used which will absorb the nicotin and moisture while the smoke is passing from the bottom of the white pipeclay inner bowl through the chamber al and through the bore e of the stump a and the stem of the pipe. As shown, the stump of the pipe is, of course, integral with the outer bowl, as is usual in wood pipes.

Thus by the use of cheap wood the invention not only accomplishes a substantial reduction in the cost of manufacture, but also, in combination with the porous pipe-clay inner bowl, the production of a superior pipe. The relatively soft wood is not only Lames? absorbent, producing a benecial effect in the bottom of the bowl and in the stump of the pipe, by absorbing the moisture and the nicotin, but is also much lighter than brier wood and other similar materials heretofore employed in the manufacture of pipes. Thus, as stated, the invention contemplates the solving of the problem of the use of cheap wood, such as ordinary lumber, in the production of what is really a superior pipe.

lu the manufacture of the pipes, the wood bowls and stumps, when fully shaped, are then stained and finished. rlhis is preferable to the staining and finishing of the pipe after the inner white pipe-clay bow'l is secured in place, because, should the pipe bowls then be immersed in the staining liquid, the porous pipe-clay inner bowls and linings would absorb so much of the staining liquid that one of the objects of the invention would be defeated, as the inner bowl in such case would not absorb the nico-tin and moisture, at least not at first, and would, moreover, give off a vapor and odor which would mix with the smoke and be offensive to the smoker.

As stated, the inner bowl D is preferably tapered downward, as in several ways this is better than a straight or cylindric inner bowl, and for` one thing it tends to prevent cracking of the wood. In the construction of pipes from different kinds of materials, the expansion and contraction of the materials must be taken into account, and it is found that soft wood when combined with the white pipe-clay inner bowl, as shown and described, and when subjected to the heat and the moisture, will not result in detaching the inner bowl from the wood of the outer bowl, but will retain the two materials the comparatively soft and light wood and the hard but porous pipe-clay inner @oplet of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Washington, E. G.

bowl) rmly united and rigidly connected together.

lVhat I claim as my invention is l. A ysmoking pipe comprising an outer bowl of soft long grained wood, a bottomless inner bowl of porous baked pipe-Clay, and-a binder of cementitious material between the outer surface of the inner bowl and the inner surface of the outer bowl to hold theinner bowl permanently in place, with the soft wood exposed inlmediately below the lower end of said inner bowl.

2. A smoking pipe comprising an outer bowl of wood, a porous inner bowl of baked pipe-clay, and a binder of cementitious material between the outer surface of the inner bowl and the inner surface of the outer bowl to hold the inner bowl permanently in place, said outer bowl being of long grained wood with the grain thereof extending transversely across the bowl toward the stem of the pipe.

8. A smoking pipe comprising an outer bowl of soft absorbent wood, a porous inner bowl of baked pipe-clay, and a binder of cementitious material between the outer surface of the inner bowl and the inner surface of the outer bowl to hold the inner bowl permanently in place, said inner bowl being entirely open at the bottom thereof and terminating short of the bottom of said outer bowl to provide a` chamber extending under the lower end of said inner bowl, and said outer bowl having' an integral stump provided with a bore communicating with said chamber, so that with an outer bowl of soft wood the moisture will be absorbed while the smoke is passing from the bottom of the vinner bowl to the mouthpiece of the pipe.

Signed by me at Chicago, Illinois, this 20th day of September, 1916.

JACOB D. BURGER.

"Commissioner of Patents, 

